General Planting

 1. Growth of Every Organ

(1) Plant Body

Leaves, stems, and roots are organs for growth referred to as vegetative organs.

Flowers and fruit are organs to produce offspring called generative organs.

(2) Vegetative Growth and Generative growth

Growth is divided into vegetative and generative growth.

Vegetative growth is growth that occurs in vegetative organs (leaves, stems, roots, etc.)

Sexual growth is growth to produce fruit and seeds.

The terms and processes of transition from vegetative growth to generative growth vary depending on the type of plant.

(3) Photosynthesis

Plants carry out photosynthesis.

The process of photosynthesis requires light, carbon dioxide CO2, and water H2O.

Plants make carbohydrates through the process of photosynthesis.

In general, the process of photosynthesis is carried out more if the light is getting stronger.

(4) Breathing

Plants do more breathing, when plants grow rapidly or in conditions of high air temperature.

In conditions of high air temperature at night, more respiration will be carried out and the carbohydrates that have been made during the day will be consumed in large quantities, so that the amount of carbohydrates stored in plants will decrease.

(5) Transpiration

Plants expel water from the stoma in the leaves, this is called transpiration.

(6) Absorption of nutrients and water

Plants absorb nutrients and water in the soil from the roots.

(7) Formation of flower buds

After a number of stages of vegetative growth are completed, generative growth will begin, then flower buds are formed. This is called flower bud differentiation.

Flower bud differentiation is of the following 2 types:

1. Regularly differentiate, after a certain number of growth stages are completed. Example: tomato

2. Difrensisasi influenced by environmental changes, such as air temperature and duration of sunlight. Example: radish, spinach

Short day plants are plants where flower bud differentiation occurs when the dark period is longer than a certain length of time (or the light time is short). For example, strawberries and chrysanthemums

Long day plants are plants where flower bud differentiation occurs when the length of dark time becomes shorter than a certain length of time (or the length of light time becomes longer). An example is spinach.

There are also plants whose flower buds are flower buds when the air temperature is low. Examples are radishes, cabbage, and broccoli.

2. Cultivation System And Cultivation Type

(1) Planting procedures

Planting procedures are the ways in which various types of plants are cultivated on the land and the order in which they are cultivated

(2) Cultivation type

In one type of plant, there are times when cultivation and cultivation methods are different. This is referred to as the planting type.

For example, in the cultivation of leaf vegetables or root vegetables such as cabbage and radishes, there are several ways in which the timing of seed planting and harvesting is different, namely cultivation by planting seeds in spring, cultivation by planting seeds in summer, and cultivation by planting seeds in autumn.

In the case of tomato and cucumber cultivation, there are accelerated cultivation methods to speed up harvesting, and slow-down cultivation methods to slow down harvests compared to outdoor cultivation (ordinary cultivation).

3. Seed Planting

(1) Seed planting

      The process of planting seeds is called seed planting.

In order for seeds to germinate, they need water, the right air temperature and oxygen. This hall is referred to as the 3 conditions for sprouting. In order for these 3 conditions for sprouting to be fulfilled, you must cover it with soil.

       There are seeds that germinate easily when illuminated by light (positive photoblastic) and seeds that are difficult to germinate when illuminated by light (negative photoblastic). For positive photoblastic seeds, cover it with a thin layer of soil, while negative photoblastic seeds cover it with thick soil.

(2) Direct Planting of Seeds

       Planting seeds directly means planting seeds directly in the field.

       Roots like radish, carrot etc. The seeds are planted directly.

(3) Agricultural Equipment Used for Planting Seeds

(4) Spacing

      In the case of direct seed cultivation, thinning is carried out. Thinning is done to provide proper spacing between seedlings, by removing seeds that are attacked by pests, defective seeds, and excess seeds.

4. Seeding and Planting

     Seeding is planting seeds elsewhere from the field to develop seedlings.

     The place to develop these seeds is the spring.

     The seeding process is carried out for fruit vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.). and leafy vegetables (cabbage, letus, etc.).

     The advantages of the nursery

     *Seedlings can be protected from climate change (rain, wind, etc.). diseases and pests.

     * Can make healthy seeds and equal growth.

     *Can shorten the cultivation period on the land, so that it can cultivate other plants on the land

     *In a narrow area, can make seeds efficiently.

Planting

Planting is the work of planting seeds in the land.

The exact growth rate and spacing between plantings varies depending on the species plant.

In planting, there are ways to use machines and manual methods.

Characteristics of planting by machine and planting manually

How to use the machine (transplanter)

5 Water Sprinkling

Water Watering

Watering is also an important job.

Watering is done by looking at the conditions of plant growth and soil conditions.

The amount of water needed varies depending on the air temperature and humidity level.

If you overwater, the roots may rot.

Water Watering Way

Watering from Above

This method is the method used

in general, that is, pouring water from above plant.

Sprinkling water using a hose,spout, sprinkler, water sprinkler tube etc.

Better not to water during the day day in summer.

Advantages: Planting on large land can be done in a short time.

Disadvantages: Requires sophisticated techniques, including uniform seedling growth.

How to plant with human hands

Watering at the Base of the Plant

Watering at the base of the plant using water drip tube etc. With this method, you can save water.

Planting is done with certainty. It costs nothing.

Disadvantages: It takes a long time to plant, and it takes hard work by bending.